当道路开始开始出现问题时，道路所有者必须做出决定：是进行修补还是重新建设道路？

　　When problems begin to arise on the road, the road owner must make a decision: whether to repair or rebuild the road?

　　这些决定通常由预算决定，从长远来看，并不总是对出行公众和纳税人来说是最好的，而且如今政府的普遍预算都已捉襟见肘。

　　These decisions are usually determined by the budget, and in the long run, they are not always the best for the traveling public and taxpayers, and now the government's general budget is already stretched thin.

　　就地冷再生（CIR）是一种既具有经济效益又经久耐用的重新铺路方法。通过利用地面上已有的大量破损路面材料，这种铺路技术可以降低材料成本、节省时间，并减少了施工现场的排放。利用城市采石场可以减少需要开采和处理的原始骨料的数量，对道路所有者、纳税人、承包商客户和环境来说是一项实现共赢的施工技术方案。

　　In situ cold recycling (CIR) is a cost-effective and durable method for re paving roads. By utilizing the existing large amount of damaged pavement materials on the ground, this paving technology can reduce material costs, save time, and reduce emissions at construction sites. Utilizing urban quarries can reduce the amount of raw aggregates that need to be mined and processed, which is a win-win construction technology solution for road owners, taxpayers, contractor customers, and the environment.

　　北美许多道路承载的交通量远远超出了它们的设计承载能力，铣削和填充路面表层几英寸以覆盖更深的裂缝和疲劳路面并不能解决导致这些道路持续损坏的根本问题。事实证明，就地冷再生可以打造出耐磨损的道路基础设施，可以结束只能掩盖更深层次的基础问题的持续维修循环。

　　Many roads in North America carry traffic far beyond their designed carrying capacity, and milling and filling the surface of the road a few inches to cover deeper cracks and fatigue cannot solve the fundamental problem that causes sustained damage to these roads. It has been proven that on-site cold recycling can create wear-resistant road infrastructure and end the continuous maintenance cycle that can only mask deeper fundamental issues.

　　使用就地冷再生技术在环境敏感和偏远地区（如优胜美地国家公园）完成道路修复项目，可以减少运输材料所需的车辆交通量及其相关的成本和排放。图/维特根

　　Using on-site cold recycling technology to complete road repair projects in environmentally sensitive and remote areas, such as Yosemite National Park, can reduce the amount of vehicle traffic required for transporting materials and its associated costs and emissions. Image/Wirtgen

　　01

　　01

　　冷再生的工作原理

　　Working principle of cold regeneration

　　笔者与维特根北美副总裁Mark Stahl进行了访谈，探讨了道路所有者和承包商客户选择冷再生作为道路修复方法所带来的令人难以置信的机遇。

　　The author conducted an interview with Mark Stahl, Vice President of Wirtgen North America, to explore the incredible opportunities brought by road owners and contractor clients choosing cold regeneration as a road repair method.

　　据Stahl称，冷再生虽然并非新技术，但因其可持续性、成本和效率优势而在北美重新受到关注。冷回收最早于20世纪70年代推出，指在环境温度下对路面进行再生，用于道路翻新和重铺项目。施工人员将沥青道路铣削缩小到原始骨料大小，然后添加粘合剂。重新铺设沥青路面后，在其上面铺设磨耗层；在高车流路面上，磨耗层可以是另一层沥青，在低流量道路上，可以是泥浆封层或碎石封层。

　　According to Stahl, although cold regeneration is not a new technology, it has regained attention in North America due to its sustainability, cost, and efficiency advantages. Cold recycling was first introduced in the 1970s, referring to the regeneration of road surfaces at ambient temperatures for use in road renovation and resurfacing projects. The construction personnel will mill the asphalt road to the original aggregate size and then add adhesive. After re laying the asphalt pavement, lay a wearing layer on top of it; On high traffic roads, the wear layer can be another layer of asphalt, while on low traffic roads, it can be a slurry seal or gravel seal.

　　根据道路状况，冷再生可以采用部分深度置换或全深度再生（FDR）的方式进行。有多种冷再生方法，包括就地冷再生，即在施工现场的摊铺机内处理RAP，以及场外冷再生（CCPR），即在场外处理储存的RAP。

　　According to the road conditions, cold regeneration can be carried out through partial depth replacement or full depth regeneration (FDR). There are various cold recycling methods, including on-site cold recycling, which involves processing RAP in the paving machine at the construction site, and off-site cold recycling (CCPR), which involves processing stored RAP outside the site.

　　与场外冷再生相比，现场冷再生效率更高、成本更低、排放会更少，因为所有材料都在工作现场提取并重复利用。

　　Compared with off-site cold recycling, on-site cold recycling has higher efficiency, lower cost, and fewer emissions because all materials are extracted and reused at the work site.

　　冷再生的目标是打造永久性路面，“沥青路面联盟”将其描述为“一种高强度的柔性路面，可以长期（至少50年）抵抗结构疲劳损伤，从而实现长寿命。因为没有自下而上的路面损伤，结构完整性可以无限期地保持不变。这些长效沥青结构可以通过仅保留和更新表层来实现经济地维护，无需进行大规模的修复或重建。”

　　The goal of cold recycling is to create permanent pavements, which the Asphalt Pavement Alliance describes as "a high-strength flexible pavement that can resist structural fatigue damage for a long time (at least 50 years), thereby achieving a long lifespan. Because there is no bottom-up pavement damage, structural integrity can be maintained indefinitely. These long-lasting asphalt structures can be economically maintained by retaining and updating only the surface layer, without the need for large-scale repair or reconstruction

　　现场冷再生已在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省、阿尔伯塔省和安大略省等地的施工现场取得成功。Stahl说，在美国，有一些热点地区——当地的冷再生倡导者提高客户对这种施工工艺优势的认知——包括加利福尼亚州、中西部和东部各州。

　　On site cold recycling has achieved success at construction sites in British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario, Canada. Stahl said that in the United States, there are some hot spots - local cold recycling advocates raising customers' awareness of the advantages of this construction process - including California, the Midwest, and Eastern states.

　　维特根 WR 240 X 冷再生机和土壤稳定机 图/维特根

　　Wirtgen WR 240 X cold regeneration machine and soil stabilization machine diagram/Wirtgen

　　02

　　02

　　就地冷再生摊铺工艺

　　On site cold recycling paving process

　　虽然生产冷再生材料有几种不同的方法，但其摊铺工艺与典型的铣刨回填工艺相似。

　　Although there are several different methods for producing cold recycled materials, their paving process is similar to typical milling and backfilling processes.

　　在传统的铣刨回填工艺中，摊铺作业首先由铣刨机将铣刨好的材料送入卡车。废料被运走，工作人员跟随铣刨机清理剩余的灰尘和碎屑。然后，摊铺人员跟进铺设新的沥青。在施工现场、沥青搅拌站和垃圾填埋场或再生沥青（RAP）料堆之间来回运输材料可能需要数百卡车。

　　In the traditional milling and backfilling process, the paving operation first involves the milling machine feeding the milled material into the truck. The waste was transported away, and the staff followed the milling machine to clean up the remaining dust and debris. Then, the paving personnel follow up to lay new asphalt. Transporting materials back and forth between construction sites, asphalt mixing plants, and landfills or recycled asphalt (RAP) piles may require hundreds of trucks.

　　采用就地冷再生工艺时，几乎所有材料都留在施工现场。再生机将沥青粉碎，然后将粘合剂注入材料中，材料随后被输送到摊铺机。摊铺机紧跟在再生机后面运行，将材料铺回原位，两到三个压路机跟在后面进行压实。再生材料压实后，传统的摊铺机便会铺设一层磨耗层——厚度为一英寸半到两英寸的热拌沥青路面。

　　When using on-site cold recycling technology, almost all materials are left at the construction site. The recycling machine crushes the asphalt and then injects the binder into the material, which is then transported to the paver. The paver runs closely behind the rejuvenator, laying the material back in place, and two to three rollers follow behind to compact it. After compacting the recycled materials, traditional pavers will lay a layer of wear layer - a hot mix asphalt pavement with a thickness of one and a half inches to two inches.

　　泡沫沥青这种粘合剂是将再生沥青 (RAP) 材料打造成柔韧耐用基层的秘诀。它由加热至 175 摄氏度的普通沥青制成，并在高压下注入少量水和空气，使其发泡膨胀。泡沫沥青被注入冷再生机内的再生沥青 (RAP) 中，最终产品被称为沥青稳定材料 (BSM)。

　　Foam asphalt is the secret of making recycled asphalt (RAP) material into flexible and durable base course. It is made of ordinary asphalt heated to 175 degrees Celsius and injected with a small amount of water and air under high pressure to make it foam and expand. The foam asphalt is injected into the recycled asphalt (RAP) in the cold recycling machine, and the final product is called asphalt stabilized material (BSM).

　　这一工艺效率显著提高，并节省了与传统铺路过程相关的运输和材料成本。Stahl的热情显而易见：“当我们进行再生时，好处是于几乎所有材料，95%的材料，都能够保持原位。”

　　This process significantly improves efficiency and saves transportation and material costs associated with traditional paving processes. Stahl's enthusiasm is evident: "When we carry out regeneration, the benefit is that almost all materials, 95% of them, can remain in place

　　Wirtgen提供CR系列和WR系列冷回收机。CR系列机器需要传统的铺路机，而WR系列冷回收机和土壤稳定机则不需要。根据斯塔尔的说法，对于将骨料回收到沥青中的8至12英寸深度的典型全深度再生（FDR）应用，其中骨料被回收用于沥青，设备组将使用一台橡胶轮胎WR系列机，以及一台羊脚压路机和一台平地机，然后再加两台压实机。羊脚压实机是实现该深度厚度的适当压实所必需的。

　　Wirtgen offers CR series and WR series cold recycling machines. The CR series machines require traditional paving machines, while the WR series cold recycling machines and soil stabilizers do not. According to Starr, for typical full depth recycling (FDR) applications that recycle aggregate into asphalt at depths of 8 to 12 inches, where the aggregate is recycled for asphalt, the equipment team will use a rubber tire WR series machine, as well as a sheep foot roller and a grader, followed by two compactors. The sheep foot compactor is necessary to achieve appropriate compaction at this depth and thickness.

　　CR机器非常适合三到五英寸的部分深度更换。需要更少的整体压实，可以通过在铺路机上安装标准振动熨平板来实现，然后使用压路机即可完成。在这种情况下，无需使用羊脚压路机或平地机。

　　CR machines are very suitable for partial depth replacement of three to five inches. Less overall compaction is required, which can be achieved by installing a standard vibrating screed on the paving machine and then using the roller to complete it. In this case, there is no need to use a sheep foot roller or grader.

　　当与高密度熨平板配对时，CR机器可用于FDR，但这并不常见。Stahl将这种应用称为“摊铺机铺设FDR”。

　　When paired with high-density ironing boards, CR machines can be used for FDR, but this is not common. Stahl refers to this application as "paver laying FDR".

　　就地冷再生可在城市和乡村环境中进行，并减少道路封闭时间，为出行公众提供更多便利，也为路面施工人员提供更多安全保障  图/维特根

　　On site cold recycling can be carried out in urban and rural environments, reducing road closure time and providing more convenience for the traveling public, as well as providing more safety guarantees for road construction personnel

　　03

　　03

　　就地冷再生的优势

　　Advantages of on-site cold regeneration

　　一个施工过程很少能为所有相关利益相关者带来如此多的利益。

　　A construction process rarely brings so many benefits to all relevant stakeholders.

　　重复使用现场已有材料是最大的成本、时间和排放的节约机会，并具有额外的溢出效应，包括提高安全性和减少浪费。

　　Reusing existing materials on site is the biggest cost, time, and emission saving opportunity, with additional spill over effects including improved safety and reduced waste.

　　Stahl预测，北美任何一个冷再生项目的总成本都将节省40%到60%，主要是由于减少了通常需要大量卡车来往施工现场之间运输材料。

　　Stahl predicts that the total cost of any cold recycling project in North America will be saved by 40% to 60%, mainly due to the reduction of the need for a large number of trucks to transport materials between construction sites.

　　Stahl估计，与标准的拆除和更换项目相比，采用就地冷再生可减少卡车运输排放量 90%，施工现场二氧化碳总排放量减少约 70%。

　　Stahl estimates that compared to standard demolition and replacement projects, adopting on-site cold recycling can reduce truck transportation emissions by 90% and total carbon dioxide emissions at construction sites by about 70%.

　　减少往返于施工现场的卡车数量，对出行公众和地面施工人员都有安全保障。减少整体交通量，减少需要在可能拥挤的施工现场的大型车辆，从而降低了事故风险。更快的工期也减少了工人暴露于流动交通带来的安全风险的时间。

　　Reduce the number of trucks traveling back and forth to the construction site, ensuring safety for both the traveling public and ground construction personnel. Reducing overall traffic volume and minimizing the need for large vehicles at potentially crowded construction sites has lowered the risk of accidents. Faster construction schedules also reduce the time workers are exposed to safety risks caused by mobile traffic.

　　更短的道路封闭时间也为公众带来了更多便利。冷再生项目无需完工即可让车辆立即通行，从而缩短了车道封闭时间，因为道路可以在每次施工班次结束时重新开放。

　　Shorter road closures have also brought more convenience to the public. The cold recycling project allows vehicles to pass immediately without completion, thereby reducing lane closure time as the road can reopen at the end of each construction shift.

　　所有这些优势都很诱人，但冷再生可行性的最终考验在于其使用寿命，以及这种更经济、更高效、减排的解决方案是否也能提供旅行公众和道路所有者所需的东西——一条持久可靠的道路。

　　All these advantages are tempting, but the ultimate test of the feasibility of cold regeneration lies in its service life and whether this more economical, efficient, and emission reducing solution can also provide what the traveling public and road owners need - a durable and reliable road.

　　04

　　04

　　经研究和测试验证的冷再生道路使用寿命

　　The service life of cold recycling roads verified through research and testing

　　冷再生的真正价值在于道路的使用寿命。

　　The true value of cold recycling lies in the service life of roads.

　　热拌合沥青和混凝土是粘合材料，在持续应力下不会提供很大的柔韧性。冷再生材料是非连续粘合材料，可以防止开裂。它具有很大的柔韧性，使裂缝难以在持续使用中扩展。

　　Hot mix asphalt and concrete are bonding materials that do not provide significant flexibility under sustained stress. Cold recycled materials are non continuous bonding materials that can prevent cracking. It has great flexibility, making it difficult for cracks to propagate during continuous use.

　　学术界对冷再生的可行性进行了深入研究，其中包括致力于改进此类道路设计、施工和维护的研究。研究人员研究来自施工现场和已投入使用道路的样本，以分析其性能并测试材料的使用寿命。他们也在研究实验室进行自己的实验。

　　The academic community has conducted in-depth research on the feasibility of cold recycling, including studies dedicated to improving the design, construction, and maintenance of such roads. Researchers study samples from construction sites and roads that have been put into use to analyze their performance and test the service life of materials. They are also conducting their own experiments in the research laboratory.

　　美国几家机构都在研究永久性路面，包括位于阿拉巴马州奥本大学的国家沥青技术中心 (NCAT) 路面试验跑道。在测试跑道上，研究人员比较不同的铺设路段，以确定不同重新铺设方法的寿命。多家研究机构开展的加速路面测试包括在测试路段上持续运行高流量模拟交通，在数月的时间内快速加载测试跑道上数年甚至数十年的典型交通量。研究人员研究跑道样本，以了解道路的老化速度、老化方式以及预期的使用寿命。

　　Several institutions in the United States are researching permanent pavement, including the National Asphalt Technology Center (NCAT) pavement test track located at Auburn University in Alabama. On the test track, researchers compared different paving sections to determine the lifespan of different re paving methods. The accelerated road testing conducted by multiple research institutions includes continuously running high flow simulated traffic on the test section, rapidly loading typical traffic volumes on the test track for years or even decades over several months. Researchers study runway samples to understand the aging speed, aging mode, and expected service life of roads.

　　据奥本大学助理教授Ben Bowers介绍，NCAT研究人员在测试跑到上装载了一段FDR路面，流量为九年的交通量。FDR 路面保持良好，没有任何变化的迹象，可以被视为永久性路面，只需定期进行加铺。

　　According to Ben Bowers, assistant professor at Auburn University, NCAT researchers loaded a section of FDR road surface with a traffic volume of nine years on the test run. The FDR road surface remains in good condition with no signs of change and can be considered a permanent road surface, requiring only regular paving.

　　多家研究机构已证实了这种超长使用寿命。

　　Multiple research institutions have confirmed this ultra long service life.

　　加州大学戴维斯分校人行道研究中心副主任David Jones说：“我们的研究测试、知识、路面建模、对材料性能的理解意味着我们可以自信地预测路面的使用寿命可达 80 年。”

　　Our research testing, knowledge, pavement modeling, and understanding of material properties mean that we can confidently predict the service life of road surfaces up to 80 years, "said David Jones, Deputy Director of the Pedestrian Research Center at the University of California, Davis

　　为了让道路所有者对其冷再生项目的路面寿命更加有信心，维特根制造了一个实验室规模的泡沫沥青搅拌站和一台实验室规模的双卧轴强制式搅拌机，可以在实验室中模拟冷再生，在施工项目开始前生产测试样品，以确保最终结果符合预期。

　　In order to make road owners more confident about the pavement life of their cold recycling projects, Wittgen has built a laboratory scale foam asphalt mixing plant and a laboratory scale double horizontal shaft forced mixer, which can simulate cold recycling in the laboratory and produce test samples before the start of the construction project to ensure that the final results meet expectations.

　　05长期解决方案使所有利益相关者受益

　　Long term solutions benefit all stakeholders

　　就地冷再生技术为从城市采石场中挖掘可重复利用的材料，用于建设更具韧性的基础设施提供了绝佳的机会。然而，采用该技术需要长远的思考，并乐于尝试新方法。就地冷再生技术经久耐用，值得承包商和道路所有者关注，并认为它能够节省成本、减少排放、提高安全性，并打造出经久耐用、惠及子孙后代的道路。

　　The in-situ cold recycling technology provides an excellent opportunity to excavate reusable materials from urban quarries for the construction of more resilient infrastructure. However, adopting this technology requires long-term thinking and a willingness to try new methods. The on-site cold recycling technology is durable and worthy of the attention of contractors and road owners, who believe that it can save costs, reduce emissions, improve safety, and create roads that are durable and beneficial to future generations.

　　“我们可能会纠结于流程细节和效益，但最终，我们拥有的是经过数十年验证的成熟工艺，”Stahl说道。“路面再生的成功表明，它实际上并不存在风险，只是一种不同的做法。”

　　We may struggle with process details and benefits, but ultimately, what we have is a mature process that has been validated for decades, "Stahl said. The success of road regeneration indicates that there is actually no risk involved, it is just a different approach

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