水泥撒布车作为道路基层施工的关键设备，能将水泥均匀撒布在土基或砂石层上，其水泥用量的精准控制直接影响基层的强度与稳定性。过量撒布会增加施工成本且可能导致基层开裂，用量不足则无法满足强度要求，因此设备通过多重系统协同作用，实现水泥用量的精准调控，适应不同施工厚度与材料配比需求。

　　As a key equipment for road base construction, cement spreader can evenly spread cement on soil or sand layers. The precise control of its cement dosage directly affects the strength and stability of the base. Excessive spreading can increase construction costs and may lead to cracking of the base layer, while insufficient amount cannot meet the strength requirements. Therefore, the equipment achieves precise control of cement dosage through the synergy of multiple systems, adapting to different construction thicknesses and material mix requirements.

　　计量系统是控制水泥用量的基础，通过精准测量水泥的输送量，为后续调控提供数据依据。容积式计量装置是常见的计量方式，其核心是螺旋输送机，输送机的螺距和转速固定时，单位时间内输送的水泥体积恒定，通过计算输送机工作时间可得出总输送量，这种方式结构简单，成本较低，适合对精度要求不高的基层施工。重量式计量装置则通过安装在料斗下方的称重传感器实现精准计量，传感器能实时检测水泥的重量变化，将重量信号转化为电信号传输至控制系统，计量误差可控制在 ±1% 以内，适合高等级公路施工，确保水泥用量符合设计配比。部分先进的水泥撒布车还会采用容积与重量复合计量方式，通过双重校验减少单一计量方式的误差，在螺旋输送机输送水泥的同时，称重传感器同步监测重量变化，当两者数据偏差超过设定值时，系统自动发出预警，提醒操作人员检查设备状态。

　　The measuring system is the foundation for controlling the amount of cement used, providing data basis for subsequent regulation by accurately measuring the amount of cement transported. Volumetric measuring device is a common measuring method, and its core is a screw conveyor. When the pitch and speed of the conveyor are fixed, the volume of cement conveyed per unit time is constant. By calculating the working time of the conveyor, the total conveying volume can be obtained. This method has a simple structure, low cost, and is suitable for grassroots construction with low precision requirements. The weight based measuring device achieves precise measurement through a weighing sensor installed below the hopper. The sensor can detect the weight changes of cement in real time, convert the weight signal into an electrical signal, and transmit it to the control system. The measurement error can be controlled within ± 1%, which is suitable for high-grade highway construction and ensures that the cement dosage meets the design ratio. Some advanced cement spreading vehicles also adopt a composite measurement method of volume and weight, which reduces the error of a single measurement method through double verification. While the screw conveyor transports cement, the weighing sensor synchronously monitors the weight change. When the deviation between the two data exceeds the set value, the system automatically issues a warning to remind the operator to check the equipment status.

　　控制系统是水泥用量调控的核心，通过接收计量信号并调节执行部件，实现用量的动态平衡。操作控制台配备液晶显示屏和控制手柄，显示屏实时显示当前撒布宽度、车辆行驶速度、水泥单位面积用量等参数，操作人员可根据施工设计要求（如每平方米撒布 3-5 公斤水泥），在控制台上设定目标用量。速度传感器与车辆行驶系统联动，当车辆行驶速度变化时（如加速或减速），控制系统会自动调节水泥输送装置的转速 —— 速度加快时，提高螺旋输送机或刮板输送机的转速，增加单位时间水泥输送量；速度减慢时，则降低输送装置转速，减少输送量，确保单位面积水泥用量保持稳定。这种速度与输送量的联动控制，能有效避免因车辆行驶不均匀导致的水泥撒布忽多忽少，尤其在弯道或坡道施工时，保障撒布均匀性。

　　The control system is the core of cement dosage regulation, which achieves dynamic balance of dosage by receiving measurement signals and adjusting execution components. The control console is equipped with a LCD screen and a control handle. The screen displays real-time parameters such as the current spreading width, vehicle speed, and cement unit area usage. Operators can set the target usage on the console according to construction design requirements (such as spreading 3-5 kilograms of cement per square meter). The speed sensor is linked to the vehicle's driving system. When the vehicle's driving speed changes (such as acceleration or deceleration), the control system will automatically adjust the speed of the cement conveying device. When the speed increases, the speed of the screw conveyor or scraper conveyor will be increased to increase the cement conveying volume per unit time; When the speed slows down, reduce the speed of the conveying device, decrease the conveying volume, and ensure that the cement consumption per unit area remains stable. This linkage control between speed and conveying capacity can effectively avoid the uneven distribution of cement caused by uneven vehicle travel, especially during construction on curves or slopes, ensuring uniform distribution.

　　执行机构根据控制系统的指令调整水泥输送量，是用量控制的终端环节。螺旋输送机构通过改变电机转速调节输送量，电机采用变频调速技术，转速可在 0-1500 转 / 分钟范围内连续调节，转速越高，单位时间输送的水泥量越多，反之则越少，变频调速响应迅速，能在 0.5 秒内完成转速调整，适应车辆行驶速度的快速变化。刮板输送机构则通过调节刮板的运行速度或刮板间距控制用量，刮板速度由液压马达驱动，通过改变液压油流量调节马达转速，进而改变刮板输送频率，适合大粒径水泥或含少量结块的水泥输送。料斗门开度调节是辅助控制手段，料斗门位于料斗底部，通过液压油缸调节开度大小，开度越大，水泥下落速度越快，开度越小则下落速度越慢，通常与输送机构配合使用 —— 当需要大幅调整用量时，先调节料斗门开度设定大致范围，再通过输送机构转速进行精细调节，提高控制效率。

　　The executing agency adjusts the cement conveying volume according to the instructions of the control system, which is the terminal link of quantity control. The spiral conveying mechanism adjusts the conveying amount by changing the motor speed. The motor adopts variable frequency speed regulation technology, and the speed can be continuously adjusted within the range of 0-1500 revolutions per minute. The higher the speed, the more cement is conveyed per unit time, and the lower it is. Variable frequency speed regulation responds quickly and can complete speed adjustment within 0.5 seconds, adapting to the rapid changes in vehicle speed. The scraper conveying mechanism controls the quantity by adjusting the running speed or spacing of the scraper. The scraper speed is driven by a hydraulic motor, and the motor speed is adjusted by changing the hydraulic oil flow rate, thereby changing the scraper conveying frequency. It is suitable for conveying large particle size cement or cement containing a small amount of clumps. The adjustment of the opening of the hopper door is an auxiliary control method. The hopper door is located at the bottom of the hopper, and the opening size is adjusted by a hydraulic cylinder. The larger the opening, the faster the cement falls, and the smaller the opening, the slower the falling speed. It is usually used in conjunction with a conveying mechanism - when a large adjustment of the usage is needed, the opening of the hopper door is first adjusted to set a rough range, and then the speed of the conveying mechanism is finely adjusted to improve control efficiency.

　　撒布宽度调节是控制单位面积用量的重要补充，通过改变撒布覆盖范围适应不同施工场景。水泥撒布车的撒布宽度可通过折叠式撒布架调节，撒布架两侧的翼板可伸缩或折叠，最小撒布宽度通常为 2 米，最大可达 6 米以上，操作人员根据施工路段宽度（如单车道 3.5 米）调整撒布架宽度，确保水泥撒布范围与施工路段匹配，避免撒布到路肩外造成浪费。撒布架上的导流板角度可单独调节，通过改变导流板角度控制水泥的撒布方向，在靠近路缘石或建筑物的区域，可将导流板角度调小，减少水泥向外侧撒布，确保边缘区域用量与中间区域一致，避免边缘用量过多或不足。部分撒布车还在撒布架两侧安装挡板，挡板高度可调节，防止水泥在风力作用下向外侧飘散，尤其在有风天气施工时，能有效减少水泥损失，保证实际用量与设定值一致。

　　The adjustment of spreading width is an important supplement to controlling the unit area usage, which adapts to different construction scenarios by changing the spreading coverage range. The spreading width of the cement spreading vehicle can be adjusted through a folding spreading frame, and the wing plates on both sides of the spreading frame can be extended or folded. The minimum spreading width is usually 2 meters, and the maximum can be more than 6 meters. The operator adjusts the spreading frame width according to the width of the construction section (such as a single lane of 3.5 meters) to ensure that the cement spreading range matches the construction section and avoid spreading outside the shoulder, causing waste. The angle of the guide plate on the spreading rack can be adjusted separately. By changing the angle of the guide plate, the direction of cement spreading can be controlled. In areas close to curbstones or buildings, the angle of the guide plate can be adjusted smaller to reduce cement spreading outward, ensuring that the amount of edge area is consistent with that of the middle area, and avoiding excessive or insufficient amount of edge area. Some of the spreading vehicles are also equipped with baffles on both sides of the spreading frame. The height of the baffles can be adjusted to prevent cement from drifting outward under the action of wind, especially during construction in windy weather, which can effectively reduce cement loss and ensure that the actual amount is consistent with the set value.

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