撒布车作为道路建设和养护中的重要设备，其撒布宽度的精准控制直接影响材料的均匀性和施工质量。撒布宽度自动调节功能通过智能化系统实现动态适配，能根据施工需求和路况变化自动调整撒布范围，既提高作业效率，又减少材料浪费，其工作原理涉及多个环节的协同运作。

　　As an important equipment in road construction and maintenance, the precise control of the spreading width of the spreader directly affects the uniformity of materials and construction quality. The automatic adjustment function of the spreading width is dynamically adapted through an intelligent system, which can automatically adjust the spreading range according to construction needs and road conditions changes, improving work efficiency and reducing material waste. Its working principle involves the collaborative operation of multiple links.

　　感应检测系统是自动调节的 “感知器官”，负责收集外界信息并传递给控制系统。该系统通常由超声波传感器、激光雷达或摄像头组成，安装在撒布车的前端或两侧。在作业过程中，传感器持续扫描道路边界、障碍物及施工区域范围，实时获取路面宽度、边缘位置等数据。例如，在道路拓宽施工中，传感器能识别新旧路面的交界线，确定需要撒布的区域宽度；遇到路边护栏、电线杆等障碍物时，传感器可快速捕捉障碍位置，计算出需要避让的宽度。这些数据以电信号的形式实时传输至车载控制系统，为宽度调节提供决策依据，确保调节动作的及时性和准确性。

　　The induction detection system is an automatically adjustable "perception organ" responsible for collecting external information and transmitting it to the control system. The system typically consists of ultrasonic sensors, LiDAR, or cameras, installed at the front or sides of the spreader. During the homework process, sensors continuously scan road boundaries, obstacles, and construction areas to obtain real-time data such as road width and edge position. For example, in road widening construction, sensors can identify the boundary between new and old road surfaces and determine the width of the area that needs to be spread; When encountering obstacles such as roadside guardrails and utility poles, sensors can quickly capture the position of the obstacles and calculate the width that needs to be avoided. These data are transmitted in real-time to the onboard control system in the form of electrical signals, providing decision-making basis for width adjustment and ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of adjustment actions.

　　控制系统作为 “大脑中枢”，承担数据处理和指令下达的核心任务。其内置的微处理器会对感应系统传来的数据进行分析计算，结合预设的撒布参数（如材料类型、撒布厚度），确定最佳的撒布宽度。控制系统中存储有不同施工场景的调节算法，例如在直线段作业时，系统会保持撒布宽度稳定；进入弯道时，算法会根据转弯半径自动收缩内侧撒布宽度，避免材料撒出道路范围。同时，控制系统还具备人机交互功能，操作人员可通过控制面板设定目标宽度或选择自动模式，系统会在自动调节过程中实时显示当前撒布宽度、传感器状态等信息，便于操作人员监控和干预。

　　The control system, as the "brain center", undertakes the core tasks of data processing and instruction issuance. The built-in microprocessor will analyze and calculate the data transmitted by the sensing system, and determine the optimal spreading width based on preset spreading parameters such as material type and spreading thickness. The control system stores adjustment algorithms for different construction scenarios, such as maintaining a stable spreading width during straight-line operations; When entering a bend, the algorithm will automatically shrink the inner spreading width based on the turning radius to avoid material scattering out of the road area. At the same time, the control system also has human-computer interaction function. The operator can set the target width or select the automatic mode through the control panel. The system will display real-time information such as the current spreading width and sensor status during the automatic adjustment process, which is convenient for the operator to monitor and intervene.

　　执行机构是实现宽度调节的 “执行手脚”，根据控制系统的指令完成机械动作。撒布车的撒布装置（如料斗、螺旋布料器、撒布盘）通常配备液压或电动驱动的伸缩机构，当接收到调节指令时，驱动装置会带动撒布部件进行横向伸缩或角度调整。例如，对于采用撒布盘的设备，每个撒布盘可独立控制，需要缩小宽度时，外侧的撒布盘通过液压杆收回并停止工作；需要扩大宽度时，隐藏的撒布盘伸出并启动，通过增减工作撒布盘的数量实现宽度调节。对于螺旋布料器，其两侧的挡板可通过电机驱动横向移动，改变布料范围，确保材料均匀分布在设定宽度内。执行机构的响应速度直接影响调节精度，优质的驱动装置能在 0.5-1 秒内完成动作，避免因调节滞后导致的撒布不均。

　　The actuator is the "executing hand and foot" that realizes width adjustment, and completes mechanical actions according to the instructions of the control system. The spreading device of the spreading vehicle (such as hopper, spiral feeder, spreading disc) is usually equipped with a hydraulic or electric driven telescopic mechanism. When receiving an adjustment command, the driving device will drive the spreading component to perform lateral extension or angle adjustment. For example, for equipment that uses spreading disks, each spreading disk can be independently controlled. When the width needs to be reduced, the outer spreading disk is retracted and stops working through a hydraulic rod; When it is necessary to expand the width, the hidden spreading plate extends and starts, and the width adjustment is achieved by increasing or decreasing the number of working spreading plates. For the spiral fabric dispenser, the baffles on both sides can be driven laterally by a motor to change the fabric range and ensure that the material is evenly distributed within the set width. The response speed of the actuator directly affects the adjustment accuracy. A high-quality driving device can complete the action within 0.5-1 second, avoiding uneven spreading caused by adjustment lag.

　　反馈校正机制是保障调节精度的 “修正系统”，能对实际撒布效果进行监测并修正偏差。该机制通过安装在撒布装置后方的质量传感器（如红外料厚检测仪），实时检测已撒布区域的材料分布宽度和厚度，将数据反馈至控制系统。若检测到实际撒布宽度与设定值存在偏差（如因路面不平导致局部撒布过宽或过窄），控制系统会立即计算修正量，向执行机构下达微调指令，直至实际宽度与目标值一致。例如，在起伏较大的乡村道路作业时，反馈机制能补偿因车身颠簸造成的撒布偏移，确保整体宽度均匀，这种闭环控制模式大幅提升了自动调节的可靠性。

　　The feedback correction mechanism is a "correction system" that ensures the accuracy of adjustment, which can monitor the actual spreading effect and correct deviations. This mechanism uses a quality sensor installed behind the spreading device (such as an infrared material thickness detector) to real-time detect the material distribution width and thickness in the spread area, and feedback the data to the control system. If a deviation is detected between the actual spreading width and the set value (such as local spreading being too wide or too narrow due to uneven road surface), the control system will immediately calculate the correction amount and issue a fine adjustment command to the actuator until the actual width is consistent with the target value. For example, when working on rural roads with large undulations, the feedback mechanism can compensate for the spreading deviation caused by vehicle bumps, ensuring uniform overall width. This closed-loop control mode greatly improves the reliability of automatic adjustment.

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