公路交通是社会发展和国防安全的重要保障。截至2023年末，我国公路总里程已达到544万公里。随着我国公路网络建设日渐完善，未来公路建设强度将逐步下降，养护需求将快速上升。

　　Highway transportation is an important guarantee for social development and national defense security. As of the end of 2023, the total length of highways in China has reached 5.44 million kilometers. With the gradual improvement of China's highway network construction, the intensity of highway construction will gradually decrease in the future, and the demand for maintenance will rapidly increase.

　　新时代公路养护技术与装备的发展需求

　　The development needs of highway maintenance technology and equipment in the new era

　　根据交通运输部数据，我国公路养护里程逐年增长，养护比例高达99.9%。

　　According to data from the Ministry of Transport, the maintenance mileage of highways in China has been increasing year by year, with a maintenance ratio of up to 99.9%.

　　养护工程需求

　　Maintenance engineering requirements

　　我国公路已进入全面养护时代，需要综合维护路面、桥梁、隧道等各类设施，公路养护财政支出每年约为1.2万亿元。随着公路养护市场需求的持续增长，各类养护工程对公路养护装备的需求也将随之增长。

　　China's highways have entered the era of comprehensive maintenance, requiring comprehensive maintenance of various facilities such as road surfaces, bridges, tunnels, etc. The annual fiscal expenditure on highway maintenance is about 1.2 trillion yuan. With the continuous growth of demand in the highway maintenance market, the demand for highway maintenance equipment in various maintenance projects will also increase accordingly.

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　　▲我国公路基本组成分布图

　　▲ Distribution Map of Basic Components of Highways in China

　　国家生态环境保护战略需求

　　National ecological environment protection strategy needs

　　公路大中修产生的废旧沥青混合料已造成严重的环境污染。随着全面养护时代的到来，以及全球日渐加剧的环境保护压力，如何合理处置这些废旧建筑材料成为亟待解决的重要课题。国家从战略层面提出绿色发展要求，行业推出加快加大废旧材料循环利用的政策措施，推动相关技术与装备发展。

　　The waste asphalt mixture generated during the major and medium repairs of highways has caused serious environmental pollution. With the advent of the era of comprehensive maintenance and the increasing global pressure on environmental protection, how to properly dispose of these waste building materials has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed. The country has put forward green development requirements at the strategic level, and the industry has introduced policies and measures to accelerate and increase the recycling of waste materials, promoting the development of related technologies and equipment.

　　目前，国内外普遍采用再生技术实现废旧公路材料的循环利用，虽然已经取得很大成效，但是还有较大发展空间，现有再生装备也亟需升级换代。快速发展的养护需求，将使由运输车辆底盘改装而来的养护机械装备大量增加，其运行排放对环境的影响也不容忽视。随着国家逐步实现“双碳”目标，新能源技术应运而生。采用新能源电池、氢能源驱动，已成为发展趋势。

　　At present, recycling technology is widely used both domestically and internationally to achieve the recycling of waste road materials. Although significant progress has been made, there is still considerable room for development, and existing recycling equipment urgently needs to be upgraded and replaced. The rapidly developing maintenance demand will lead to a significant increase in maintenance machinery and equipment modified from transport vehicle chassis, and the impact of their operational emissions on the environment cannot be ignored. As the country gradually achieves its "dual carbon" goals, new energy technologies have emerged. The adoption of new energy batteries and hydrogen energy drive has become a development trend.

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　　▲复合有机水硬性材料半柔性路面摊铺机

　　▲ Composite organic hydraulic material semi flexible pavement paver

　　构建现代公路养护体系需求

　　The demand for building a modern highway maintenance system

　　加快构建现代公路养护体系，推行养护决策科学化、养护管理制度化、养护工程精准化、养护生产绿色化，是公路养护事业的发展方向，也是公路交通转型升级、服务交通强国的必由之路。

　　Accelerating the construction of a modern highway maintenance system, promoting scientific maintenance decision-making, institutionalized maintenance management, precise maintenance engineering, and green maintenance production is the development direction of the highway maintenance industry, as well as the necessary path for the transformation and upgrading of highway transportation and the service of a strong transportation country.

　　现代公路养护体系要求养护技术绿色化，养护装备智能化、系列化、多功能和配套集成化，养护施工节能环保。现有技术与装备很多还属于传统设计理念范畴的产物，与现代公路养护体系的要求尚有较大差距。

　　The modern highway maintenance system requires green maintenance technology, intelligent, serialized, multifunctional and integrated maintenance equipment, and energy-saving and environmentally friendly maintenance construction. Many existing technologies and equipment are still products of traditional design concepts, and there is still a significant gap between them and the requirements of modern highway maintenance systems.

　　因此，公路养护技术与装备的更新换代已成为构建现代公路养护体系的重要内容，也是深化国家交通强国战略的迫切需求。其在加快建设交通强国、推动交通运输行业高质量发展及服务构建新发展格局等方面，具有促进投资和消费的积极作用。

　　Therefore, the upgrading of highway maintenance technology and equipment has become an important part of building a modern highway maintenance system and an urgent need to deepen the national strategy of building a strong transportation country. It plays a positive role in promoting investment and consumption in accelerating the construction of a strong transportation country, promoting high-quality development of the transportation industry, and building a new development pattern for services.

　　公路养护装备的主要类型

　　The main types of highway maintenance equipment

　　公路养护装备根据公路交通行业特点可以分为非道路移动机械装备、车辆底盘改装装备（道路行驶机械）及道路应急装备，主要应用于道路的日常养护、预防性养护与路面重建等。根据使用特点可以分为移动式作业装备、固定作业装备和便携工器具（小型）三大类。

　　Highway maintenance equipment can be divided into non road mobile machinery equipment, vehicle chassis modification equipment (road driving machinery), and road emergency equipment according to the characteristics of the highway transportation industry. It is mainly used for daily maintenance, preventive maintenance, and road surface reconstruction of roads. According to their usage characteristics, they can be divided into three categories: mobile work equipment, fixed work equipment, and portable tools (small).

　　非道路移动机械装备

　　Non road mobile machinery and equipment

　　铣刨机 铣刨机主要用于去除受损或老化的路面材料，为铺设新的路面准备良好的基础，也用于路面拉毛，增强路面抗滑性。在高速公路、国省干线公路等老化沥青路面的铣刨修复中使用频次较高。随着公路网的不断扩展和路面老化，铣刨机在路面养护工程中的应用越来越广泛。

　　Milling machine is mainly used to remove damaged or aged pavement materials, prepare a good foundation for laying new pavement, and also used for road surface roughening to enhance the skid resistance of the pavement. It is frequently used in milling and repairing aging asphalt pavements on highways, national and provincial trunk roads, etc. With the continuous expansion of the highway network and the aging of the road surface, the application of milling machines in road maintenance engineering is becoming increasingly widespread.

　　路面再生装备 沥青路面再生技术与装备是《国家和公路水路交通中长期科技发展规划（2006—2020）》的重点内容，再生沥青混合料再生技术分为5种，分别是厂拌热再生、厂拌冷再生、就地热再生、就地冷再生和全深式冷再生。

　　Asphalt pavement regeneration technology and equipment are key contents of the "National and Long term Science and Technology Development Plan for Highway and Waterway Transportation (2006-2020)". There are five types of asphalt mixture regeneration technologies, namely factory mixed hot regeneration, factory mixed cold regeneration, on-site hot regeneration, on-site cold regeneration, and full depth cold regeneration.

　　路面再生装备分为厂拌再生装备和就地再生装备。厂拌再生技术与装备已比较成熟，就地再生技术与装备仍有较大更新空间。

　　Road recycling equipment is divided into factory mixed recycling equipment and on-site recycling equipment. The factory mixed recycling technology and equipment are relatively mature, and there is still a lot of room for updating the on-site recycling technology and equipment.

　　就地冷再生机将旧路面材料铣刨并掺配新材料完成再生利用，可减少新材料的使用。路面再生机能够实现沥青路面材料的就地再利用，符合我国推行的循环经济和绿色发展理念。

　　The on-site cold recycling machine grinds and mixes old pavement materials with new materials to achieve recycling, which can reduce the use of new materials. The road surface recycling machine can achieve on-site reuse of asphalt pavement materials, which is in line with China's promotion of circular economy and green development concepts.

　　就地热再生装备包含红外加热装备、热风加热装备、微波加热装备和摊铺机等。就地热再生技术由于可100%利用沥青路面旧料、对交通干扰小等优点广泛应用于沥青路面养护工程中。我国热风微波复合加热就地热再生成套技术与装备处于国际领先水平，基于“5G＋北斗系统”的热再生机群无人驾驶技术，实现了全球首例高速公路半封闭场景下的无人化施工技术及示范应用。

　　Local thermal regeneration equipment includes infrared heating equipment, hot air heating equipment, microwave heating equipment, and pavers. The in-situ thermal regeneration technology is widely used in asphalt pavement maintenance projects due to its advantages of 100% utilization of old asphalt pavement materials and minimal traffic interference. The complete set of technology and equipment for hot air microwave composite heating and in-situ thermal regeneration in China is at the international leading level. Based on the unmanned driving technology of the "5G+Beidou system" thermal regeneration fleet, it has achieved the world's first unmanned construction technology and demonstration application in a semi enclosed highway scenario.

　　摊铺机 摊铺机可分为热沥青摊铺机和冷拌冷铺摊铺机。

　　Pavers can be divided into hot asphalt pavers and cold mix and cold spread pavers.

　　热沥青摊铺机是用于铺筑沥青混合料和其他级配材料的专用机械，将拌制好的沥青混合料（沥青混凝土或黑色粒料）按一定的技术要求（厚度和横截面形状）均匀地摊铺在已整好的路基或基层上。热沥青摊铺机是一种技术较为成熟的施工装备，多用于新建路面施工，也用于沥青路面热再生摊铺。

　　Hot asphalt paver is a specialized machinery used for laying asphalt mixture and other graded materials. It evenly spreads the mixed asphalt mixture (asphalt concrete or black granular material) on the already prepared roadbed or base layer according to certain technical requirements (thickness and cross-sectional shape). Hot asphalt paver is a relatively mature construction equipment, mainly used for new road construction and also for hot recycling paving of asphalt pavement.

　　冷拌冷铺摊铺机是常温状态下将乳化沥青、水泥、集料（或者再生沥青混合料）和水按一定配比输送至拌和器，经强制拌和形成复合有机水硬性材料，并将之摊铺成为新的半柔性路面的一种新型公路养护装备。主要应用于复合有机水硬性材料半柔性路面摊铺和路面改性铺装（该技术可以实现再生沥青混合料100%的循环利用），是一种环保低碳的公路养护装备。

　　Cold mixing and cold paving machine is a new type of highway maintenance equipment that transports emulsified asphalt, cement, aggregate (or recycled asphalt mixture) and water in a certain ratio to a mixer at room temperature, and forms a composite organic hydraulic material through forced mixing, which is then paved into a new semi flexible pavement. It is mainly used for semi flexible pavement paving and pavement modification paving of composite organic hydraulic materials (this technology can achieve 100% recycling of recycled asphalt mixture), and is an environmentally friendly and low-carbon highway maintenance equipment.

　　车辆底盘改装装备

　　Vehicle chassis modification equipment

　　路面清扫车 路面清扫车用于清理路面上的灰尘、砂石及其他杂物，可保持道路清洁度，不仅提高了道路行驶的视觉美感，还降低了因路面碎屑、杂物造成车辆打滑或损伤的风险。路面清扫车在高速公路、国省干线公路及城区道路上使用频次较高。

　　Road sweepers are used to clean dust, sand, gravel, and other debris on the road surface, maintaining road cleanliness. They not only improve the visual aesthetics of road driving, but also reduce the risk of vehicle slippage or damage caused by road debris and debris. Road sweepers are frequently used on highways, national and provincial trunk roads, and urban roads.

　　封层车 目前使用的表面封层技术有同步碎石封层、雾封层、稀浆封层（微表处）、薄层摊铺等。其中同步封层技术应用最广泛，雾封层和稀浆封层次之。同步碎石封层车采用普通载货汽车底盘搭载专用上装，实现一层沥青和一层碎石同步撒布施工。沥青洒布车是雾封层施工的专用装备，是一种洒布乳化沥青、稀释沥青、热沥青、热改性沥青及各种黏合剂的施工装备。

　　The surface sealing technologies currently used by sealing vehicles include synchronous gravel sealing, mist sealing, slurry sealing (micro surface), and thin layer paving. Among them, synchronous sealing technology is the most widely used, followed by mist sealing and slurry sealing layers. The synchronous gravel sealing vehicle adopts a common cargo truck chassis equipped with a dedicated upper cover, achieving synchronous spreading construction of one layer of asphalt and one layer of gravel. Asphalt distribution truck is a specialized equipment for fog sealing layer construction, which is a construction equipment for spraying emulsified asphalt, diluted asphalt, hot asphalt, heat modified asphalt and various adhesives.

　　稀浆封层（微表处）主要用来处理道路表面裂缝、车辙和摩阻力下降等病害，以提高路面的防水性和抗滑性，改善路面平整度和行车舒适性，从而达到“返老还新”的效果。该封层装备可广泛应用于普通稀浆封层、改性稀浆封层（微表处）的施工工艺中。

　　The slurry seal layer (micro surface) is mainly used to treat road surface cracks, ruts, and reduced friction, in order to improve the waterproof and anti-skid properties of the road surface, improve road smoothness and driving comfort, and achieve the effect of "returning old and new". This sealing equipment can be widely used in the construction process of ordinary slurry sealing and modified slurry sealing (micro surface).

　　公路应急抢险装备 公路应急抢险装备应用较多的主要有高空作业车和防撞护栏安装装备。高空作业车是保障检修人员作业安全的高空工作平台，是确保交通设施正常运行，维持交通系统顺畅和安全运行的关键装备。防撞护栏安装装备专门用于安装和维护公路上的防撞护栏，利用该装备施工可提高作业效率和安全性。

　　The main applications of highway emergency rescue equipment include high-altitude work vehicles and anti-collision guardrail installation equipment. A high-altitude work platform is a crucial equipment for ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel during their work, ensuring the normal operation of transportation facilities, and maintaining the smooth and safe operation of the transportation system. The anti-collision guardrail installation equipment is specifically designed for installing and maintaining anti-collision guardrails on highways. Using this equipment for construction can improve work efficiency and safety.

　　小型便携式工具

　　Small portable tools

　　小型便携式工具类养护机械品种较多，其中标线机、裂缝修补机使用较为普遍。标线机能够精准地完成标线施工，在道路上喷涂各种交通标线，提高行车安全性。裂缝修补机主要用于填补和密封路面上的裂缝，通过及时修补裂缝，可以防止水和杂质渗入路面结构，避免进一步损坏道路。

　　There are many types of small portable tool maintenance machinery, among which marking machines and crack repair machines are commonly used. The marking machine can accurately complete the marking construction, spray various traffic markings on the road, and improve driving safety. The crack repair machine is mainly used to fill and seal cracks on the road surface. By repairing cracks in a timely manner, it can prevent water and impurities from infiltrating the road structure and avoid further damage to the road.

　　公路养护装备更新的方向、类型和意义

　　The direction, types, and significance of updating highway maintenance equipment

　　我国公路养护装备更新的方向是向智能化和数字化发展，遵照循环经济和环保导向，积极实现国产化和自主创新。从目前公路养护装备的品类来看，非道路移动机械装备和车辆底盘改装装备拥有相对较大的更新空间。

　　The direction of updating highway maintenance equipment in China is towards intelligent and digital development, following the guidance of circular economy and environmental protection, actively achieving localization and independent innovation. From the current category of highway maintenance equipment, non road mobile machinery equipment and vehicle chassis modification equipment have relatively large room for updates.

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