冷再生简单来说，它可以在常温状态下，对旧路面材料进行再生利用，是一种高效率、多用途的施工机械。其工作原理并不复杂，主要是通过铣刨、破碎旧路面，然后添加特定的稳定剂、新骨料等材料，在现场直接进行拌和，最后重新摊铺、压实，形成新的路面结构层。

　　Simply put, cold recycling is a highly efficient and versatile construction machinery that can recycle old pavement materials at room temperature. Its working principle is not complicated, mainly by milling and crushing the old road surface, then adding specific stabilizers, new aggregates and other materials, mixing directly on site, and finally re paving and compacting to form a new road structure layer.

　　冷再生技术的开端最早可以追溯到20世纪早期的美国，当时主要是对旧沥青路面材料进行简单的回收和再利用尝试，处于技术探索的初级阶段。经过一个多世纪的发展，冷再生技术在欧美等发达国家已经非常成熟，成为道路养护的常规技术。各种冷再生工艺和设备不断涌现，如就地冷再生技术、厂拌冷再生技术等得到广泛应用，并且在再生材料的性能研究、配合比设计、施工质量控制等方面都形成了完善的技术标准和规范。

　　The beginning of cold recycling technology can be traced back to the early 20th century in the United States, when simple attempts were made to recycle and reuse old asphalt pavement materials, which was in the early stages of technological exploration. After more than a century of development, cold recycling technology has become very mature in developed countries such as Europe and America, and has become a routine technology for road maintenance. Various cold recycling processes and equipment continue to emerge, such as on-site cold recycling technology, factory mixed cold recycling technology, etc., which have been widely applied, and have formed complete technical standards and specifications in the performance research, mix design, construction quality control, and other aspects of recycled materials.

　　按照工作原理，冷再生机械大致可分为物理破碎式和化学再生式。物理破碎式冷再生机主要依靠机械的力量，将旧路面材料打碎，再与新的胶结料混合实现再生；化学再生式冷再生机则是借助添加化学药剂，分解旧路面材料中的有害物质，提升材料的再生性能。我们现在常见的基本上都是物理破碎式的。

　　According to the working principle, cold recycling machinery can be roughly divided into physical crushing type and chemical recycling type. The physical crushing cold recycling machine mainly relies on mechanical force to crush the old pavement material and mix it with new binder to achieve regeneration; The chemical regeneration cold regeneration machine utilizes the addition of chemical agents to decompose harmful substances in old road surface materials and improve their regeneration performance. What we commonly see now is basically physical fragmentation.

　　这项技术听起来近乎完美，实际应用中，它也确实有着令人瞩目的优势。在成本方面，就地冷再生技术充分利用旧路面材料，减少了新材料的采购和运输费用。据相关数据显示，与传统的道路维修方法相比，采用就地冷再生技术，总投资可节省 20%-50% 。像在一些缺乏砂石材料的偏远地区，使用就地冷再生技术，大大降低了因材料运输产生的高额成本。

　　This technology sounds almost perfect, and in practical applications, it does have remarkable advantages. In terms of cost, on-site cold recycling technology fully utilizes old pavement materials, reducing the procurement and transportation costs of new materials. According to relevant data, compared with traditional road maintenance methods, adopting on-site cold recycling technology can save a total investment of 20% -50%. In some remote areas lacking sand and gravel materials, the use of on-site cold recycling technology greatly reduces the high costs incurred by material transportation.

　　在工期上，就地冷再生工序简单，无需对旧料进行运输、破碎等繁琐工艺，而且很多设备可以一次性完成铣刨、破碎、添加、拌和及摊铺等操作，施工效率大幅提高。在一些交通繁忙的路段，半幅施工、半幅通车的方式，能将施工对交通的影响降到最低，有效缩短了施工周期。在广西省道 204 平南马练至芳田公路沥青路面养护大中修工程中，泡沫沥青混凝土就地冷再生技术的应用，让 100 多米崭新的路面在短短半个小时内就随着维特根 380 机组的移动呈现出来，极大地提高了施工效率 。

　　In terms of construction period, the on-site cold recycling process is simple, without the need for cumbersome processes such as transportation and crushing of old materials. Moreover, many equipment can complete milling, crushing, adding, mixing, and paving operations in one go, greatly improving construction efficiency. In some busy traffic sections, the method of half width construction and half width opening to traffic can minimize the impact of construction on traffic and effectively shorten the construction period. In the large and medium-sized maintenance project of Guangxi Provincial Highway 204 Pingnan Malian Fangtian Highway asphalt pavement, the application of foam asphalt concrete on-site cold recycling technology has made a new pavement of more than 100 meters appear in just half an hour with the movement of Wittgen 380 unit, greatly improving the construction efficiency.

　　从环保角度来讲，它简直是道路维修界的 “环保标兵”。旧料 100% 就地利用，减少了新材料的开采，降低了对自然资源的破坏，也避免了旧料运输和废料处理过程中可能产生的环境污染。就像在国道 358 线藤县永康至罗密选段沥青路面大修工程中，泡沫沥青就地冷再生技术的运用，有效节省了 95% 以上的材料、运输成本以及 60% 以上的加热能源使用，并减少了 80% 以上的碳排放 。在如今倡导 “碳达峰、碳中和” 的大环境下，这种绿色环保的技术，无疑是道路养护领域的 “香饽饽” 。

　　From an environmental perspective, it is simply a "environmental model" in the road maintenance industry. 100% on-site utilization of old materials reduces the extraction of new materials, minimizes damage to natural resources, and avoids environmental pollution that may occur during the transportation and waste disposal of old materials. Just like in the asphalt pavement overhaul project of Tengxian Yongkang Luomi section of National Highway 358, the application of foam asphalt in place cold recycling technology has effectively saved more than 95% of materials, transportation costs, and more than 60% of heating energy use, and reduced more than 80% of carbon emissions. In the current environment of advocating "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", this green and environmentally friendly technology is undoubtedly a "hot commodity" in the field of road maintenance.

　　这项技术听起来近乎完美，但现实往往与梦想差距很大。首先在施工效率方面，就存在着明显的短板。冷再生机的现场施工速度较慢，通常每天工作 10 小时 ，一台冷再生机只能完成 9 米宽路面 300 米左右的基层施工。这就意味着，对于一些大规模的道路维修工程，施工周期可能会被拉长。比如在一些交通流量大、工期紧张的城市主干道维修中，这样的施工速度可能无法满足尽快恢复交通的需求，给市民的出行带来不便。

　　This technology may sound almost perfect, but reality often falls far short of dreams. There are obvious shortcomings in terms of construction efficiency. The on-site construction speed of the cold recycling machine is relatively slow, usually working for 10 hours a day. One cold recycling machine can only complete the base construction of about 300 meters on a 9-meter-wide road surface. This means that for some large-scale road maintenance projects, the construction period may be extended. For example, in the maintenance of main roads in cities with high traffic flow and tight schedules, such construction speed may not be able to meet the needs of restoring traffic as soon as possible, causing inconvenience to citizens' travel.

　　还有就是材料不好控制。以水泥为例，在水泥撒布过程中，还存在水泥散失的问题。采用水泥干法撒布时，自然风或车辆行驶鼓起的风，很容易扬起水泥，造成水泥扬尘，不仅浪费材料，还会对周围环境造成污染 。水泥剂量的不稳定，会直接影响到再生路面的强度和稳定性 。在沥青砂团粘轮问题上，由于沥青发泡后与冷铣刨料拌和时，沥青的残余粘性使得低温态的沥青砂团容易向表层浮动。压路机碾压时，沥青砂团破裂，沥青外溢粘结在钢轮上，不仅会使基层表面出现小坑小洼，影响路面平整度，还会导致实际沥青用量降低，影响路面质量 。

　　Another issue is the difficulty in controlling the materials. Taking cement as an example, there is still a problem of cement loss during the process of spreading cement. When using dry spreading of cement, natural winds or wind generated by vehicle movement can easily raise cement and cause dust, which not only wastes materials but also pollutes the surrounding environment. The instability of cement dosage will directly affect the strength and stability of recycled pavement. In the problem of asphalt sand clumps sticking to wheels, the residual viscosity of asphalt after foaming and mixing with cold milling materials makes it easy for low-temperature asphalt sand clumps to float to the surface. When the road roller is rolling, the asphalt sand ball breaks, and the asphalt overflows and sticks to the steel wheel. This not only causes small pits and depressions on the surface of the base layer, affecting the smoothness of the road surface, but also reduces the actual amount of asphalt used, affecting the quality of the road surface.

　　再者离析缺陷也是一个不容忽视的问题，尤其是纵向离析。就地冷再生机的刀头宽度一般在 2.4米左右，施工时需要单机多次前进与倒车衔接。在这个过程中，由于每次施工的衔接部位以及刀头不同位置的切削、拌和情况存在差异，容易导致纵向离析。离析会使路面材料的级配不均匀，影响路面的整体强度和稳定性，缩短路面的使用寿命。比如在一些重载交通路段，离析部位更容易出现早期损坏，如坑槽、松散等 。

　　Furthermore, segregation defects are also an issue that cannot be ignored, especially vertical segregation. The blade width of the on-site cold recycling machine is generally around 2.4 meters, and it requires multiple forward and reverse connections of the single machine during construction. During this process, due to differences in the cutting and mixing conditions at the connection points and different positions of the blade during each construction, it is easy to cause longitudinal segregation. Segregation can cause uneven grading of pavement materials, affecting the overall strength and stability of the pavement, and shortening its service life. For example, in some heavy traffic sections, early damage such as potholes and looseness is more likely to occur in isolated areas.

　　还有就是再生后的路面只能作为道路基层甚至底基层使用，需要重新摊铺面层。这就导致了只能在一些路面高程要求不高的地方使用。像国省道一些穿越桥梁涵洞的地方因为有道路净空要求，就不能改变道路高程。特别是高速公路，高速上的龙门架、互通匝道的路面高程都是固定的，如果改变某一处的高程，那就会引起一连串的连锁反应。

　　Another issue is that the regenerated road surface can only be used as a road base or even a sub base, and needs to be re paved with a new surface layer. This results in its use only in areas with low road elevation requirements. Places like national and provincial roads that cross bridges and culverts cannot change the road elevation due to road clearance requirements. Especially on highways, the elevation of the gantry and interchange ramps is fixed. If the elevation of a certain point is changed, it will cause a series of chain reactions.

　　最后一点就是冷再生的再生厚度。理论上冷再生的再生厚度可以达到500mm，但是这个厚度是毫无意义的，因为那么厚的厚度采用常规方法是无法达到压实要求的。但里面加的胶结料凝结时间跟基层的平整度要求又决定了不能使用重夯、冲击碾压等施工工艺。这就决定了它无法改变道路结构深层破坏的问题。

　　The last point is the regeneration thickness of cold regeneration. In theory, the regeneration thickness of cold regeneration can reach 500mm, but this thickness is meaningless because conventional methods cannot meet the compaction requirements for such a thick thickness. But the setting time of the bonding material added inside and the requirement for the flatness of the base layer also determine that construction techniques such as heavy compaction and impact rolling cannot be used. This determines that it cannot change the problem of deep damage to the road structure.

　　正在进行灰土拌合的冷再生所以直至现在，冷再生也只是普遍作为一种灰土基层的施工机械来使用。

　　Cold recycling is currently being carried out for lime soil mixing, so until now, cold recycling has only been widely used as a construction machinery for lime soil base.

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