撒布车布料均匀性直接影响施工质量，其受设备结构、物料特性、操作参数及环境条件等多方面因素制约，需针对性把控以提升均匀度。

　　The uniformity of the fabric on the spreader directly affects the construction quality, which is constrained by various factors such as equipment structure, material characteristics, operating parameters, and environmental conditions. Targeted control is needed to improve the uniformity.

　　设备结构设计是基础影响因素。布料器类型决定布料方式：螺旋式布料器通过双螺旋叶片推送物料，叶片间距（通常 10-15cm）和转速均匀性至关重要，若叶片磨损（厚度减少 30% 以上）或安装错位，会导致两侧送料量差异（偏差超 5%）；扇叶式布料器依赖高速旋转的叶片抛撒物料，叶片角度（一般 30°-45°）需对称，角度偏差 1° 就可能造成撒布范围偏移，叶片边缘磨损会使抛射力减弱，形成局部物料堆积。料斗内部结构也有影响，斗壁倾斜角度（≥60°）可减少物料滞留，若存在直角拐角或凸起，易形成物料架桥（结块物料卡住），导致下料断断续续。此外，布料宽度调节装置（如挡板位置）需精准，两侧挡板高度差应≤2cm，否则会出现单侧撒布过宽或过窄。

　　The design of equipment structure is a fundamental influencing factor. The type of fabric dispenser determines the fabric feeding method: the spiral type fabric dispenser pushes materials through double spiral blades, and the blade spacing (usually 10-15cm) and speed uniformity are crucial. If the blades are worn (thickness reduced by more than 30%) or installed incorrectly, it will cause a difference in the feeding amount on both sides (deviation exceeding 5%); The fan-shaped fabric dispenser relies on high-speed rotating blades to scatter materials, and the blade angles (usually 30 ° -45 °) need to be symmetrical. A deviation of 1 ° in angle may cause a deviation in the spreading range, and blade edge wear will weaken the ejection force, resulting in local material accumulation. The internal structure of the hopper also has an impact. The inclination angle of the hopper wall (≥ 60 °) can reduce material retention. If there are right angle corners or protrusions, it is easy to form material bridging (clumped materials getting stuck), resulting in intermittent feeding. In addition, the fabric width adjustment device (such as the position of the baffle) needs to be precise, and the height difference between the two side baffles should be ≤ 2cm, otherwise it may result in one side spreading too wide or too narrow.

　　物料自身特性对均匀性影响显著。物料粒径差异是关键：粒径范围较小时（如 5-10mm 碎石），撒布后分布更均匀；若粒径混杂（2-20mm），大颗粒易因惯性大抛射更远，小颗粒则散落较近，形成 “外粗内细” 的分层。物料湿度需控制在合理范围（通常≤5%），湿度过高（＞8%）会使物料粘结成块，堵塞下料口（如水泥撒布时结块易卡在出料口），导致局部断料；湿度过低（＜2%），轻质物料（如石灰粉）易被气流吹散，出现撒布量不足。物料流动性也很重要，颗粒表面光滑的物料（如河砂）比粗糙物料（如机制砂）更易均匀下料，添加防粘剂（如少量滑石粉）可改善粘性物料的流动性，但添加量需≤1%，避免影响物料性能。

　　The inherent characteristics of the material have a significant impact on uniformity. The difference in material particle size is key: when the particle size range is small (such as 5-10mm crushed stone), the distribution is more uniform after spreading; If the particle size is mixed (2-20mm), large particles are prone to be ejected further due to inertia, while small particles scatter closer, forming a "coarse on the outside and fine on the inside" layering. The humidity of the material should be controlled within a reasonable range (usually ≤ 5%). If the humidity is too high (>8%), the material will bond into blocks, block the discharge port (such as when cement is spread, clumps are easy to get stuck in the discharge port), and cause local material breakage; If the humidity is too low (<2%), lightweight materials (such as lime powder) are easily blown away by the airflow, resulting in insufficient spreading. Material flowability is also important. Materials with smooth particle surfaces (such as river sand) are easier to evenly feed than rough materials (such as machine-made sand). Adding anti sticking agents (such as a small amount of talc powder) can improve the flowability of viscous materials, but the amount added should be ≤ 1% to avoid affecting material performance.

　　操作参数设置直接影响布料效果。行驶速度与撒布量需匹配：车速过快（如超 10km/h），单位面积物料量减少，且离心式布料器来不及充分抛撒；车速过慢（＜3km/h），易造成局部堆积，通常车速控制在 5-8km/h，撒布量（如每平方米 2-5kg）通过调节下料口开度（电动调节精度 ±1mm）设定，确保与车速呈正比。布料器转速需适配物料：轻质物料（如粉煤灰）需较高转速（800-1000r/min）以扩大撒布范围，重质物料（如铁矿石）用较低转速（400-600r/min）防止抛射过远，转速波动应≤50r/min，避免忽快忽慢导致撒布不均。此外，撒布高度（布料器距地面距离）需稳定，一般保持 50-80cm，高度变化 ±5cm 就可能使边缘撒布量偏差 10% 以上。

　　The setting of operating parameters directly affects the fabric effect. The driving speed and spreading amount need to be matched: if the vehicle speed is too fast (such as exceeding 10km/h), the amount of material per unit area will decrease, and the centrifugal fabric spreader will not have enough time to fully spread it; If the vehicle speed is too slow (<3km/h), it is easy to cause local accumulation. Usually, the vehicle speed is controlled at 5-8km/h. The spreading amount (such as 2-5kg per square meter) is set by adjusting the opening of the feeding port (electric adjustment accuracy ± 1mm) to ensure that it is proportional to the vehicle speed. The speed of the fabric feeder needs to be adapted to the material: lightweight materials (such as fly ash) require a higher speed (800-1000r/min) to expand the spreading range, while heavy materials (such as iron ore) require a lower speed (400-600r/min) to prevent excessive ejection. The speed fluctuation should be ≤ 50r/min to avoid uneven spreading caused by sudden changes in speed. In addition, the spreading height (the distance between the fabric applicator and the ground) needs to be stable, generally maintained at 50-80cm. A height variation of ± 5cm may cause a deviation of more than 10% in the edge spreading amount.

　　环境条件的干扰不可忽视。风力是主要影响因素：风速超过 3 级（＞3.4m/s）时，轻质物料会被吹向顺风侧，形成单侧偏多；逆风时物料抛射距离缩短，导致车头方向物料堆积，此时需降低行驶速度（比正常慢 20%），或调整布料器角度（顺风侧角度减小 5°）抵消风力影响。路面平整度也有作用，行驶在坑洼路面时，车身颠簸会使料斗下料忽快忽慢，需提前平整路面（平整度偏差≤3cm），或开启车身减震装置（如液压减震）减少震动。温度对某些物料有影响：高温（＞35℃）使沥青等热料流动性增强，易出现下料过快；低温（＜5℃）使粘性物料凝固，下料阻力增大，需根据温度调节料斗加热装置（如沥青撒布车的料斗温控在 160-180℃），保持物料流动性稳定。

　　The interference of environmental conditions cannot be ignored. Wind speed is the main influencing factor: when the wind speed exceeds level 3 (>3.4m/s), lightweight materials will be blown towards the downwind side, forming a one-sided excess; When facing against the wind, the distance of material ejection is shortened, resulting in material accumulation in the direction of the front of the vehicle. At this time, it is necessary to reduce the driving speed (20% slower than normal) or adjust the angle of the fabric feeder (reduce the angle on the downwind side by 5 °) to counteract the influence of wind force. The smoothness of the road surface also plays a role. When driving on bumpy roads, the vehicle's bumps can cause the hopper to discharge materials quickly and slowly. It is necessary to level the road surface in advance (with a flatness deviation of ≤ 3cm) or activate the vehicle's shock absorber (such as hydraulic shock absorber) to reduce vibration. Temperature has an impact on certain materials: high temperatures (>35 ℃) enhance the flowability of hot materials such as asphalt, which can lead to rapid cutting; Low temperature (<5 ℃) causes the viscous material to solidify, increasing the feeding resistance. It is necessary to adjust the heating device of the hopper according to the temperature (such as the temperature control of the hopper of the asphalt spreader at 160-180 ℃) to maintain stable material flowability.

　　设备维护状况关联长期均匀性。定期检查下料口磨损情况，出料边缘磨损量超 3mm 需更换，避免因开口不规则导致下料量波动。清洁料斗内壁（每周 1 次），清除残留物料结垢（如水泥硬化层），防止结垢脱落堵塞下料通道。润滑布料器轴承（每月加注润滑脂），确保转速稳定，轴承间隙增大（＞0.5mm）会导致转速忽高忽低，需及时更换。校准计量装置（每季度 1 次），通过称重法验证实际撒布量与设定值的偏差（应≤3%），偏差过大时调整传感器参数。

　　The long-term uniformity of equipment maintenance status is related. Regularly check the wear of the discharge port. If the wear on the discharge edge exceeds 3mm, it needs to be replaced to avoid fluctuations in the discharge volume caused by irregular openings. Clean the inner wall of the hopper (once a week), remove residual material scaling (such as cement hardening layer), and prevent scaling from falling off and blocking the discharge channel. Lubricate the bearings of the fabric dispenser (add lubricating grease every month) to ensure stable speed. An increase in bearing clearance (>0.5mm) can cause the speed to fluctuate, and it needs to be replaced in a timely manner. Calibrate the measuring device (once every quarter), verify the deviation between the actual spreading amount and the set value through weighing method (should be ≤ 3%), and adjust the sensor parameters when the deviation is too large.

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