水泥撒布车作为道路施工中的关键设备，其作业效率直接影响工程进度。但在实际使用中，堵料问题时有发生，若处理不当可能导致设备损坏或工期延误。本文将结合实际操作经验，详细解析水泥撒布车堵料后的处理流程及预防措施。

　　As a key equipment in road construction, the efficiency of cement spreading vehicles directly affects the progress of the project. However, in practical use, material blockage problems often occur, and improper handling may result in equipment damage or project delays. This article will provide a detailed analysis of the handling process and preventive measures for cement spreading vehicles after blockage, based on practical operational experience.

　　当发现水泥撒布车出现堵料现象时，操作人员需保持冷静，立即停止进料并关闭空气压缩机。这一步骤至关重要，可防止物料持续堆积加剧堵塞程度。随后需释放罐内残余气压，通过观察压力表指针归零确认安全后，方可进行后续操作。

　　When the cement spreading truck is found to be blocked, the operator needs to remain calm, immediately stop feeding and turn off the air compressor. This step is crucial to prevent the continuous accumulation of materials from exacerbating the degree of blockage. Subsequently, the residual air pressure inside the tank needs to be released. After confirming safety by observing the pressure gauge pointer return to zero, subsequent operations can be carried out.

　　定位堵塞位置是处理堵料的关键环节。操作人员可通过观察孔查看管道内物料流动状态，若发现某段管道无物料通过或流动缓慢，即可初步判断为堵塞区域。对于隐蔽部位，可采用敲击听声法辅助判断——用橡胶锤轻敲管道外壁，堵塞部位会因物料压实产生沉闷声响，与正常段的清脆声响形成对比。

　　Identifying the location of blockages is a crucial step in dealing with blockages. The operator can observe the flow status of materials inside the pipeline through the observation hole. If no materials pass through or flow slowly in a certain section of the pipeline, it can be preliminarily judged as a blocked area. For concealed areas, the tapping and listening method can be used to assist in judgment - lightly tapping the outer wall of the pipeline with a rubber hammer, the blocked area will produce a dull sound due to material compaction, which contrasts with the crisp sound of the normal section.

　　针对不同堵塞程度，需采取差异化疏通策略。轻微堵塞时，可启动空气炮装置，通过瞬间释放的高压气体冲击结块物料。操作时需将空气炮喷嘴对准堵塞部位，保持30-45度夹角，连续冲击3-5次，每次间隔5秒，利用气流扰动使物料重新流动。若空气炮效果不佳，可改用振动器辅助疏通，将振动器固定在管道外壁堵塞区域，开启中档振动模式，持续振动2-3分钟后暂停观察，避免长时间振动导致管道连接部位松动。

　　Differentiated dredging strategies should be adopted for different degrees of blockage. When there is a slight blockage, the air cannon device can be activated to instantly release high-pressure gas to impact the agglomerated material. When operating, align the air cannon nozzle with the blocked area, maintain a 30-45 degree angle, and continuously impact 3-5 times, with a 5-second interval between each impact. Use airflow disturbance to make the material flow again. If the air cannon is not effective, a vibrator can be used to assist in dredging. The vibrator should be fixed in the blocked area on the outer wall of the pipeline, and the mid-range vibration mode should be turned on. After continuous vibration for 2-3 minutes, the observation should be paused to avoid loosening of the pipeline connection due to prolonged vibration.

　　对于严重堵塞情况，需进行人工清理。操作人员需穿戴防护服、防尘口罩和护目镜，从检修口进入罐内。使用专用的疏通工具，如带弯头的钢钎，沿管道走向逐步清理结块物料。清理过程中需注意保护管道内壁的防腐涂层，避免使用尖锐工具造成二次损伤。若堵塞部位位于卸料口附近，可拆卸卸料管法兰盘，分段清理内部积料。

　　For severe blockage situations, manual cleaning is required. Operators need to wear protective clothing, dust masks, and goggles when entering the tank through the inspection port. Use specialized dredging tools, such as steel drills with bends, to gradually clean up clumped materials along the direction of the pipeline. During the cleaning process, attention should be paid to protecting the anti-corrosion coating on the inner wall of the pipeline and avoiding secondary damage caused by the use of sharp tools. If the blockage is located near the discharge port, the flange of the discharge pipe can be removed and the internal material accumulation can be cleaned in sections.

　　完成疏通后，需对设备进行全面检查与调试。首先检查所有管道连接处的密封性，更换磨损的密封垫圈；其次测试空气压缩机的工作压力，确保在0.6-0.8MPa范围内；最后进行空载试运行，观察物料流动是否顺畅，压力表指针是否稳定。只有当设备各项参数恢复正常后，方可重新投入作业。

　　After completing the dredging, a comprehensive inspection and debugging of the equipment is required. Firstly, check the sealing of all pipeline connections and replace worn sealing gaskets; Next, test the working pressure of the air compressor to ensure it is within the range of 0.6-0.8MPa; Finally, conduct a no-load trial run to observe whether the material flow is smooth and whether the pressure gauge pointer is stable. Only when all parameters of the device have returned to normal, can it be put back into operation.

　　为预防堵料问题，日常维护至关重要。每次作业结束后，应使用压缩空气彻底清理罐体及管道内的残留水泥，重点清理弯头、变径管等易积料部位。定期对料位器进行校准，确保其检测精度，避免因误报导致过载装料。在潮湿环境作业时，需在水泥中添加防潮剂，将物料含水率控制在3%以内，防止结块。

　　Daily maintenance is crucial to prevent material blockage issues. After each assignment, compressed air should be used to thoroughly clean the residual cement in the tank and pipeline, with a focus on cleaning areas such as bends and reducers that are prone to material accumulation. Regularly calibrate the level gauge to ensure its detection accuracy and avoid overloading due to false alarms. When working in a humid environment, moisture-proof agents should be added to cement to control the moisture content of the material within 3% and prevent clumping.

　　操作规范同样不容忽视。装料前必须打开排气阀排除罐内残压，装料过程中要实时监控料位器信号，达到满位刻度线时立即停止装料。卸料时应选择平坦坚实的场地，将车辆停稳后连接卸料管，遵循“先开二次风嘴阀，再开卸料阀”的操作顺序，通过调节二次风嘴阀开度控制空气与水泥的混合比例，保持物料呈流化状态输出。

　　The operational standards cannot be ignored either. Before loading, the exhaust valve must be opened to eliminate residual pressure in the tank. During the loading process, the level indicator signal should be monitored in real time, and the loading should be stopped immediately when the full level mark is reached. When unloading, a flat and solid site should be selected. After stopping the vehicle, connect the unloading pipe and follow the operation sequence of "opening the secondary air nozzle valve first, then opening the unloading valve". By adjusting the opening of the secondary air nozzle valve, control the mixing ratio of air and cement, and maintain the material in a fluidized state for output.

　　对于易堵料的高风险工况，可采取技术改造措施。在卸料管道的关键部位加装振动电机，设置定时振动程序，每作业30分钟自动启动振动1分钟，破坏物料结拱条件。在罐体顶部增设人孔检修平台，配备防爆照明灯和应急通风装置，便于日常检查和突发情况处理。

　　For high-risk working conditions where materials are prone to blockage, technical transformation measures can be taken. Install vibration motors at key parts of the unloading pipeline, set a timed vibration program, and automatically start vibration for 1 minute every 30 minutes of operation to destroy the material arching conditions. Install a manhole maintenance platform at the top of the tank, equipped with explosion-proof lighting and emergency ventilation devices for daily inspections and emergency situations.

　　水泥撒布车堵料问题的处理需要操作人员具备专业的判断能力和规范的处置流程。通过掌握科学的处理方法，结合有效的预防措施，可显著降低堵料发生概率，确保设备始终处于最佳工作状态，为道路施工的高效推进提供有力保障。

　　The handling of material blockage in cement spreading vehicles requires operators to have professional judgment ability and standardized disposal procedures. By mastering scientific processing methods and combining them with effective preventive measures, the probability of material blockage can be significantly reduced, ensuring that the equipment is always in the best working condition and providing strong support for the efficient promotion of road construction.

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