在道路工程领域，冷再生技术凭借其高效、环保、经济等优势备受青睐。冷再生混合料强度的形成直接决定了道路结构的稳定性与使用寿命。深入探究其强度形成的关键因素，对于优化冷再生工艺、提升道路工程质量具有重要意义。

　　In the field of road engineering, cold recycling technology is highly favored due to its advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, and economy. The formation of strength in cold recycled mixtures directly determines the stability and service life of road structures. Exploring the key factors that contribute to its strength formation is of great significance for optimizing the cold recycling process and improving the quality of road engineering.

　　一、原材料特性

　　1、 Characteristics of raw materials

　　（一）旧路材料性质

　　（1） Properties of old road materials

　　冷再生混合料通常以旧沥青路面或旧水泥混凝土路面材料作为主要组成部分。旧路材料的老化程度、级配组成、沥青含量（针对旧沥青路面材料）或水泥石强度（针对旧水泥混凝土路面材料）等特性，对混合料强度影响显著。老化严重的旧沥青路面材料，沥青性能下降，粘结力减弱，会降低混合料整体强度；而旧路材料级配不合理，缺少关键粒径颗粒，易导致混合料内部结构松散，难以形成高强度骨架。

　　Cold recycled mixtures are usually composed mainly of old asphalt pavement or old cement concrete pavement materials. The aging degree, gradation composition, asphalt content (for old asphalt pavement materials), or cement stone strength (for old cement concrete pavement materials) of old road materials have a significant impact on the strength of the mixture. Old asphalt pavement materials with severe aging have decreased asphalt performance and weakened bonding strength, which will lower the overall strength of the mixture; The unreasonable grading of old road materials and the lack of key particle sizes can easily lead to loose internal structure of the mixture, making it difficult to form a high-strength skeleton.

　　（二）新添加材料

　　（2） Newly added materials

　　新添加的结合料如水泥、石灰、乳化沥青等，是冷再生混合料强度形成的重要保障。水泥与水发生水化反应，生成具有胶凝性的水化产物，将混合料中的颗粒紧密粘结，提升强度；石灰则通过与土或旧路材料中的活性成分发生离子交换、火山灰反应，改善材料的物理力学性质。新骨料的加入能调整混合料级配，其自身强度、粒径大小和形状也会影响混合料的强度。质地坚硬、级配良好的骨料，有助于形成嵌挤结构，增强混合料的抗压和抗剪能力。

　　Newly added binders such as cement, lime, emulsified asphalt, etc. are important guarantees for the strength formation of cold recycled mixtures. Cement undergoes hydration reaction with water, generating hydration products with gelling properties, which tightly bond the particles in the mixture and enhance its strength; Lime improves the physical and mechanical properties of materials through ion exchange and volcanic ash reaction with active ingredients in soil or old road materials. The addition of new aggregates can adjust the gradation of the mixture, and their own strength, particle size, and shape can also affect the strength of the mixture. Hard and well graded aggregates contribute to the formation of interlocking structures and enhance the compressive and shear resistance of the mixture.

　　二、配合比设计

　　2、 Mix proportion design

　　（一）结合料剂量

　　（1） Dosage of binder

　　结合料剂量与冷再生混合料强度呈正相关，但并非剂量越高越好。以水泥为例，适量增加水泥剂量，能提高混合料的早期和后期强度；然而，剂量过高会导致混合料收缩性增大，易产生干缩裂缝，反而降低强度和耐久性。因此，需通过试验确定最佳结合料剂量，在保证强度的同时，兼顾经济性和稳定性。

　　The dosage of binder is positively correlated with the strength of cold recycled mixture, but it is not necessarily better with higher dosage. Taking cement as an example, increasing the cement dosage appropriately can improve the early and later strength of the mixture; However, excessive dosage can lead to increased shrinkage of the mixture, which can easily cause dry shrinkage cracks and reduce strength and durability. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal dosage of binder through experiments, while ensuring strength and balancing economy and stability.

　　（二）材料比例调配

　　（2） Material ratio allocation

　　除结合料剂量外，旧路材料、新骨料、水等成分的比例也至关重要。精确调配各材料比例，确保混合料具有良好的密实度和强度。例如，水的用量需严格控制，水分不足会影响结合料的水化反应和混合料的压实效果；水分过多则会导致混合料在压实过程中出现弹簧现象，强度难以形成。合理的材料比例调配，能使混合料内部形成稳定的结构，充分发挥各成分的作用。

　　In addition to the dosage of binder, the proportion of old road materials, new aggregates, water and other components is also crucial. Accurately adjust the proportions of various materials to ensure that the mixture has good compactness and strength. For example, the amount of water used needs to be strictly controlled, as insufficient moisture can affect the hydration reaction of the binder and the compaction effect of the mixture; Excessive moisture can cause the mixture to experience springiness during compaction, making it difficult to form strength. Reasonable material ratio can form a stable structure inside the mixture and fully utilize the functions of each component.

　　三、施工工艺

　　3、 Construction technology

　　（一）拌和均匀性

　　（1） Mixing uniformity

　　冷再生混合料的拌和过程直接影响强度形成。充分、均匀的拌和，可使结合料与旧路材料、新骨料充分接触，保证水化反应和物理化学作用均匀进行。若拌和不均匀，部分区域结合料含量不足，无法有效粘结颗粒，导致强度薄弱；而局部结合料过量区域则可能因收缩裂缝影响整体强度。因此，选择合适的拌和设备，控制好拌和时间和速度，确保混合料均匀一致，是强度形成的关键环节。

　　The mixing process of cold recycled mixtures directly affects the formation of strength. Adequate and uniform mixing can ensure that the binder is in full contact with the old road materials and new aggregates, ensuring that hydration reactions and physical and chemical reactions occur uniformly. If the mixing is uneven and the content of binder in some areas is insufficient, it cannot effectively bond the particles, resulting in weak strength; The excess area of local binder may affect the overall strength due to shrinkage cracks. Therefore, selecting appropriate mixing equipment, controlling the mixing time and speed, and ensuring the uniformity of the mixture are key steps in the formation of strength.

　　（二）压实工艺

　　（2） Compaction process

　　压实是冷再生混合料强度形成的重要工序。合理的压实设备类型、压实遍数和压实速度，能有效提高混合料的密实度。通过压实，混合料内部颗粒相互嵌挤，孔隙率降低，从而增强整体强度。不同类型的压实机械（如振动压路机、轮胎压路机）对混合料的压实效果不同，需根据混合料特性和施工要求选择。同时，压实过程应遵循先轻后重、先慢后快的原则，避免因压实不当导致混合料结构破坏。

　　Compaction is an important process for forming the strength of cold recycled mixtures. Reasonable compaction equipment types, compaction passes, and compaction speeds can effectively improve the compactness of the mixture. By compaction, the particles inside the mixture are interlocked and squeezed, reducing the porosity and enhancing the overall strength. Different types of compaction machinery (such as vibratory rollers and tire rollers) have different compaction effects on the mixture, and the selection should be based on the characteristics of the mixture and construction requirements. At the same time, the compaction process should follow the principle of light to heavy and slow to fast to avoid structural damage to the mixture due to improper compaction.

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